安装prometheus并设置system启动程序

配置yum源

yum -y install wget
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
yum -y install lrzsz

配置prometheus

[root@localhost opt]# dir
prometheus-2.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@localhost opt]# tar -zxvf prometheus-2.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@localhost opt]# cp -r prometheus-2.18.1.linux-amd64 /usr/local/prometheus
[root@jgxxpt-nginx2 prometheus]# cat prometheus.yml 
# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
            - 192.168.145.11:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  - "rules/*_rules.yml"
  - "rules/*_alerts.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9090"]
      - targets: ["localhost:9093"]
  - job_name: "node_exporter"
    file_sd_configs:
      - files: ['/usr/local/prometheus/sd_config/*.yml']
        # 每过5秒动态发现服务配置
        refresh_interval: 5s

设置systemd服务

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service 
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus server daemon
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
Group=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus \
    --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
    --web.enable-lifecycle \
    --storage.tsdb.path="/usr/local/prometheus/data" \
    --storage.tsdb.retention=15d \
    --web.console.templates="/usr/local/prometheus/consoles" \
    --web.console.libraries="/usr/local/prometheus/console_libraries" \
    --web.max-connections=512 \
    --web.external-url "http://192.168.1.4:9090" \
    --web.listen-address=0.0.0.0:9090
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

参数说明：
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus #启动运行prometheus程序所在的路径
--config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml #指定prometheus.yml配置文件路径
--storage.tsdb.path="/usr/local/prometheus/data" #指定监控指标数据存储的路径
--storage.tsdb.retention=15d #历史数据最大保留时间，默认15天
--web.console.templates="/usr/local/prometheus/consoles" #指定控制台模板目录路径
--web.console.libraries="/usr/local/prometheus/console_libraries" #指定控制台库目录路径
--web.max-connections=512 #设置最大同时连接数
--web.external-url "http://192.168.1.4:9090" #用于生产返回prometheus相对的绝对链接地址，可以在后续告警通知内容中直接点击链接地址访问prometheus Web UI。其格式为：http://{ip或者域名}:9090
--web.listen-address=0.0.0.0:9090 #prometheus默认监控端口

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable --now prometheus

systemctl命令介绍：
systemctl daemon-reload #通知systemctl重新加载配置文件
systemctl enable prometheus.service #设置为开机自启动
systemctl disable prometheus.service #如果不想设置为开机启动，可以关闭。关闭开机自启动
systemctl start prometheus.service #开启服务
systemctl status prometheus.service #查看服务状态
systemctl restart prometheus.service #重启服务
systemctl stop prometheus.service #关闭服务

常见问题

1.利用promtool工具校验配置正确性

promtool是Prometheus的一个命令行工具，它提供了一些功能来帮助用户进行Prometheus配置文件（如prometheus.yml）的检查、规则检查和调试。

解释
promtool check config: 验证Prometheus配置文件的语法和设置。

promtool命令：
Prometheus自带了一个工具promtool，可以用来检查Prometheus配置文件的语法和语义错误。你可以使用以下命令：

promtool check config /path/to/prometheus.yml

这个工具会检查配置文件的格式和有效性，并给出相应的错误或警告信息。

[root@prod prometheus]# ./promtool check config /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml
Checking /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml
  FAILED: parsing YAML file /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml: yaml: line 32: did not find expected key

[root@prod prometheus]# vim prometheus.yml
[root@prod prometheus]# ./promtool check config /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml
Checking /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml
 SUCCESS: /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml is valid prometheus config file syntax

2.Lifecycle API is not enabled.# 

prometheus启动后修改配置文件就需要再重启生效

可以通过以下方式 热加载

curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload

请求接口后返回 Lifecycle API is not enabled. 那么就是启动的时候没有开启热更新配置，需要在启动的命令行增加参数： --web.enable-lifecycle